The Future of Color Consistency: LED Lighting Solutions for Industry Standards For years, fluorescent bulbs have been a mainstay in industries requiring accurate color assessment, but their downsides are becoming increasingly hard to ignore. These lights require warm-up time and may distort color accuracy, both of which lead to production delays and translate into higher sample costs. More importantly, fluorescent bulbs contain hazardous materials like mercury, complicating their disposal. Thi...

Why Backward Compatibility in Spectrophotometers Is Key to Consistent Color If you’re here, chances are you rely on a benchtop spectrophotometer to keep your color quality on point. From textiles and plastics to paint, coatings, and more, these high-precision instruments are critical to maintain consistency in your processes. At X-Rite, we engineer our spectrophotometers to perform reliably for years, even in the toughest environments. But no instrument lasts forever, and eventually, an ...

Looking for a centralized location to manage your X-Rite products and services? Check out My X-Rite. Whether you need product information or support, service details, or access to learning resources, our free online portal is just a few clicks away. 24/7 Access: Easily access your personal dashboard from your computer or mobile device around the clock. Personalized Dashboard: See what matters most to you in one convenient location. Effortless Service & Support: Submit and track...

A recent amendment to the EU Directive on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment will remove the current exemption for mercury to be used in a number of types of fluorescent lamps for special purposes by 24th of February 2025. These bulbs are defined under clause 2(b)(4)-I of the EU REACH directive. After the expiration date, the sale of new equipment including fluorescent technology under this exemption will not be allowed in Europe. Th...

カラー マッチングによる自動車の美観の向上 技術革新が進んでいる現代の自動車業界では、精密さと完璧さに対する要求がかつてないほど高まっています。自動車デザイナーやメーカーは自動車の美観を向上させる方法を常に模索しています。一方、部品メーカーや仕上げの業者は、部品間や工場間で色と外観を一致させるように努力しています。 自動車業界でのカラーマッチングの重要性 適切な色は、視覚的な魅力を高めるだけでなく、ブランドのアイデンティティと職人レベルの技能も反映します。色が間違ってマッチングした自動車のボディパネルを想像してみてください。作品というより目障りな製品になってしまいます。そのため、ここでカラーマッチングを活用し、工場から出荷される車両がすべて指定の色のとおり、正確に再現する必要があります。 自動車業界で分光測色計を使用するには？ メタリック、パール、などの複雑な仕上げは、自動車塗料に対しての、革新的なテクノロジーです。美しく見えますが、色再現のコントロールが難しいものです。表面の曲率や見る角度が色の知覚に影響を与える場合など、これらの問題を解決するには、自動車専用の多角度分光測色計...

皆様の色の品質管理の工程には、目視評価が含まれていますか？ もしそうでないなら、含めた方が良いでしょう。 標準光源装置SpectraLight QCを目視評価ワークフローの一部として使用 どの業種でも、色の評価は、測色計でサンプルを測色するだけではありません。測色計は色を許容範囲内だと表示していても、その結果は必ず人間の目に正しく見えるとは限りません。 顧客からの拒否を最小限に抑えるには、色管理プロセスに照明ブースでの視覚評価を含める必要があります。特に、同じ製品の異なるパーツを生産する場合です。なぜなら、工場内だけでなく、屋外や蛍光灯のある店舗など、世の中にどこで見られても、色の統一感が必要だからです。 本日は、皆様の品質管理の工程を、可能な限りレベルアップするために、目視評価するための１０のヒントを紹介します。 目視評価に欠かせない標準光源装置を使用 エックスライト社製の標準光源装置SpectraLight QCは、さまざまな光源の下で色を評価・比較するための制御された環境を提供します。ここでは、標準光源装置の導入によって、色評価の工程を最大限に活用するための 10 のヒント...

This time of year, the internet is full of Top 10 Countdowns. It’s a tradition we’ve embraced since 1940 when the Billboard published its first chart ranking the top selling recorded songs. Since then, others have jumped on the bandwagon to highlight the most popular trends of the previous year.   We’ve been publishing our top-read blogs since 2016, and we’re happy to see some educational topics like color perception, tolerancing, and spectrophotometers continue to r...

なぜ分光測色計の校正が必要なのか？ 分光測色計は現在、ほとんど100%デジタル化されています。実際、電球以外、アナログ部品はほとんどありません。デジタルは、アナログと比べ、安定性が高いものの、 許容誤差が非常に小さくなっています。このような厳しいスペックに収まるため、定期的に分光測色計の校正を行う必要があります。 電球の安定性 分光測色計と電球を使用し続けると、性質が変わり始めます。分光測色計の校正は、 このような電球の光生性能を補正するためです。慎重に校正を行うことで、電球の寿命が尽きるまで、何か月、あるいは、何年も安定した測定が可能になります。 タイルとレンズの清浄度 装置内には、色空間における2つの既知ポイント、すなわち定義された白と黒の設定があります。工場では、白のキャリブレーションタイルを定義するため、完全な反射率曲線が作られ、さらにブラックトラップ内の黒点を定義するため、完全な反射率曲線が作られました。白と黒の正確な位置は、キャリブレーションのため、デバイス内に設置されました。 白いタイルが少し汚れると、白い点が横軸の黒に向かって下がります。白点だけでなく、その線上にあ...

色は大事だと、よく言われています。なぜ大事なのか知っていますか。実際、生産工程において、色はとても重要な要素です。しかし、残念ながら、多くのメーカーは、色を正しく表現することが以前と比べ、はるかに難しくなったと気づいています。なぜなら、取引先のブランドは、より厳しい許容範囲を満たすことを求めています。 その理由の一つは以下のとおりです。 メタリックパッケージ、真珠光沢仕上げ、カスタムファブリック、鮮やかな新色など、色技術の進捗は顧客を魅了する一方で、生産における一貫性を持たせることがより難しくなっています。 たとえば、コンポジットデッキを例としてあげましょう。以前はグレーかブラウンの2択しかありませんでした。そして、デッキ全体に調和が取れていけば、お客様は十分満足されました。しかし、今では、深い木目模様やエキゾチックな色など、多くの選択肢があります。そのため、メーカーは2～3色ではなく、数10色を管理しなければなりません。統一感を出すために、より難しくなりました。 パッケージもそのひとつです。かつて、印刷された箱のみが並んでいたお店でも、今はホイルパウチやブリスターパック、マルチ基...

When customers are just getting started with color management, they often ask, "What is the difference between a spectrometer and a spectrophotometer?". With such a minute spelling difference, it's easy to make a quick typo and get the wrong answer for this color question. So...what's the difference? Spectrometers vs. Spectrophotometers    What is a Spectrophotometer? A spectrophotometer is a color measurement device that is used to capture and evaluate color on just about anything, in...

In this series we’ve been discussing the many factors that impact how we see color, and what we can do to ensure the color we see is accurate. Light, retinal fatigue and background effects can influence our perception of color. Today we’ll look at the limitations of the human eye and brain, and talk about how to detect these characteristics, especially for individuals responsible for evaluating and judging color. Are YOU color deficient? Read on to find out. (Spoiler alert: There’s a test at the...

There are many things that affect our ability to see color. In some cases, it doesn’t matter if the red you see is the same shade I see. A barn is a barn, right? But for those who work in an industry where color evaluation is part of the job, it IS important… VERY important. In our color perception series, we’re discussing the many factors that affect how we see color and what colorists can do to ensure that the color they see is the color they are supposed to see. Today we’ll take a closer look...

As the temperature of light changes, so does our perception of color. As I mentioned in our last post, light plays a huge role in the way we perceive color. Today we’ll look at the science of color in manufacturing and photography; specifically how an object’s reflective and absorptive properties and viewing technology can impact the colors we perceive. To reflect or not to reflect… that is the question. The colors an object absorbs and reflects is determined by its material – is it metal, plas...

How many trial and error steps does it take you to formulate a color? If you answered more than three, it might be time to enlist the help of a computerized solution. Computer-aided color formulation can bring huge benefits to your business. Out of the gate, even beginners can hit color targets faster, saving time, money and expensive colorants. Once you have established an accurate method, you can expect to match 95% of your color formula requirements within a reasonable color distance on the f...

According to autolist.com, over 80% of cars produced today are white, black, or some shade of gray. It’s not necessarily because bright and bold colors are more difficult to produce and match than their grayscale counterparts, they just take longer to get through the inspiration and car design process.  Believe it or not, producing a new auto color can take up to five years before it makes it to the showroom floor. It’s a long, tedious process for designers, paint...

There are many things that affect what we see. Optical illusions aren’t just fascinating; they teach us about how we visually perceive our surroundings. In our Color Perception Series, we shared some of the factors that affect how we see color and the impact it has on manufacturing. In honor of April Fools' Day, we’re taking a closer look at some of the ways our brain, eyes, and the environment can influence what we see. April Fool #1: Your Brain Let’s start with the power of t...

Light booths provide a controlled environment for judging color under different lighting conditions. They can help visually evaluate how different types of light will affect the perception of color, evaluate the color of raw materials before and after production, and ensure different components will remain uniform once they’re assembled.   But not all light booths are the same. With NIST traceability and ISO 17025 accreditation, X-Rite offers worldwide competence in calibration, cert...

測色は、色の重要な作業において、色の品質を指定・定量化・伝達・定形化・検証するために必要です。色の感じ方は人それぞれ異なるため、測色は目視評価より正確な結果を得られます。  色測定とは？ 色測定は、サンプルによって放射・透過・反射される光の量をとらえ、スペクトルデータとして定量化することで、光源の変化分も捉えることが出来ます。測色計（分光測色計）で行う色測定は、目視評価より正確です。なぜなら、人間の色認識は差を表すのは得意ですが、定量的に示すことは不得意です。色に関わる重要な作業には、色を識別・定量化・伝達・区別するための分光測色計の導入を強く推奨します。 色波長の測定方法 色を測定するには、分光測色計と呼ばれる測色装置でサンプルに光を当て、人間の目に見える波長範囲である380nmから780nmの範囲で透過または反射した光の量をとらえます。分光測色計は波長範囲にわたるスペクトル波長測定に基づき、計算を行い、スペクトルデータを定量化します。  測色計とは？ 測色計には、色彩計と分光測色計の２種類あります。 色彩計は人間の目と同じように色を認識し、赤・緑・青を感じる3...

Learn about light, reflection curves, optical brighteners, and more.     Illuminants Electro magnetic radiation in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 730 nm is seen as light by our eyes. Low wavelengths show as blue light, then the spectrum continues from green to yellow, orange, and red. UV radiation is located in the range below 380 nm; the range above 730 nm is called infrared radiation. The visual impression of a colored body changes by the composition of the incoming light. ...

2020年、製造業界は仕事のやり方を見直さなければなりませんでした。 世界中でコロナウィルスの影響により、試作品を確認するための移動が制限され、現物サンプルの出荷が遅れました。 多くのメーカーは、生産を継続するためにデジタル・カラーサンプルを使用する方法を模索し始めましたが、 問題はカラーサンプルが正しい見え方を再現できないことでした。 デスクトップアプリケーションPANTORAは、この問題を解消します。 PANTORAを使えば、ユーザーは分光測色値を計測またはインポートし、バーチャル・マテリアルとして保存、管理、表示、編集、レンダリングすることができます。 また、PANTORAはこれらのバーチャル・サンプルをAppearance Exchange File (AxF)フォーマットにデジタル交換し、3Dレンダリングアプリケーションで使用することができます。 現在、PANTORAのレンダリングパートナーはRGBデータのみをサポートしています。 しかし、スペクトルを組み込むための機能が実装されるまでは、PANTORAを使ってスペクトル・データをRGBデータに変換することができます。 ここで...

COVID-19 has forced many companies to rethink the way they communicate, approve, and produce color.  For some, that means trying to conduct “business as usual” from a remote location. For others, it means finding ways to manage color without travel. Either way, we know our customers are doing everything they can to sustain business while keeping their employees healthy and safe. We want to help. Over the past few months we’ve been adding new resources to our virtual resou...

To establish a successful quality control program, you need good instrumentation, robust software, and trained users. But even with everything in place, there are some common pitfalls to watch for when using a spectrophotometer to analyze color quality. Measuring plastic parts with the X-Rite Ci7800 benchtop spectrophotometer. Top Five Color Measurement Pitfalls  1. Bad Standards and Samples Physical standards and samples don’t last forever. Careless handling and dirty devices can ...

Whether you’re producing textiles, automotive parts, or plastic pieces, color needs to remain consistent or the final product will be rejected. Unfortunately, there are many ways for color errors to creep in during manufacturing. Creating and using accurate digital color standards is one way to combat these errors. Digital color standards can be used in software to specify and communicate color, formulate colorants and raw materials, and control color quality. They give brand owners peac...

Whether you work with plastics, coatings or textiles, you must consistently achieve in-tolerance color or your product could be rejected before it even makes it to the shelf or showroom.     This is especially true for brands that rely on off-site suppliers and manufacturers for raw materials and parts that come together at assembly, such as the plastic dashboard, fabric seats, and coated interior panels of a car. Even if each site produces in-tolerance color, it must be monitored an...

No matter the industry, our customers are all working toward the same goal: Achieve accurate color and keep production moving. Even in the best conditions, color data can be a challenge to capture and share. COVID-19-related travel bans and social distancing guidelines are making it harder than ever.    Today we’ll share three easy ways to remotely share color data so you can achieve your color goals without shipping physical samples or making onsite visits. The Benefits of Digit...

Our customers who are now working remotely need to be aware that changing a small variable – such as approving color from home under a different light source, or emailing specifications instead of sending a physical sample – can introduce color issues that risk creating a larger color problem. The first and most critical stage to color control is accurate color communication. These resources will help you get started. The Importance of Color Communication Blog | Many color...

Spectrophotometers (“spectros” for short) are color measurement devices used to capture and evaluate color. As part of a color control program, brand owners and designers use them to specify and communicate color, and manufacturers use them to monitor color accuracy throughout production. Spectrophotometers can measure just about anything, including liquids, plastics, paper, metal and fabrics, and help ensure that color remains consistent from conception to delivery.   &nb...

Phone and computer screens are the window into the digital world of color, but if you are approving colors via email or text you need to be aware of the limitations.  For starters, each of your devices relies on a different color model to display color. Input devices – your camera and monitor – use the additive color model to display color. They start with darkness and add red, green, and blue light to create a spectrum of colors. Printers, on the other hand, use the s...

Does your quality control program include visual evaluation? Lighting plays a huge role in how we perceive color. It can help you verify whether the color of your product is acceptable and ensure it remains accurate in every possible lighting condition after purchase.     Many of our customers are finding visual evaluation to be even more important as they transition color reviews and approvals to a different location, such as in the home office or to another remote environmen...

So much goes into the way you perceive color, including light, genetics, the environment, human traits, and even fatigue. You may also be among the 1 in 255 women and 1 in 12 men who have some form of color vision deficiency. Our online color challenge is a fun way to better understand your color vision acuity.     Regardless of your color vision acuity, if you are communicating, evaluating, or approving color from a new location your eyes may trick you into making diff...

Color has always been a critical factor for our customers. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many are now trying to design, specify, communicate and ultimately achieve accurate color from remote locations or with less staff and fewer resources. Are you having trouble maintaining your color program in this unprecedented time?  We've compiled our most popular resources – blogs, videos, whitepapers, webinars, and case studies – to help you connect with your supply chain and ...

Managing color throughout production is always a challenge, but advances in color technology, like the metallic, shimmer, and pearlescence effects designed to capture consumer attention, are taking the frustration to a whole new level for quality control managers. This is especially true when producing parts that must match at assembly, such as the metal panels for a home appliance or the painted side mirrors for a vehicle.  Special effects are tricky to control because our perception can c...

色の見え方を言えば、私たちの目は騙されることが多くあります。原因としては、私達の脳が膨大な情報の量を管理し、最善の方法で処理することです。また、遺伝や環境等の影響もあります。そのため、私達は誰でも少しずつ違った色を感じています。しかし、私達が見る色に何よりも、最も大きな影響を与えるのは光です。   ここでは、光が色の知覚に与える影響について、わかりやすくご紹介します。 RGB 色度図 光の色温度 虹色（ROYGBIV）と呼ばれる可視光線のスペクトルは、約380〜720ナノメートルの光の波長を含み、赤、緑、青の3原色に分解することもできます。この3原色を様々な組み合わせで混ぜることで、何百万色もの美しい色を作り出すことができます。加法混色の場合、同じ量の光を混ぜると、その色が白として認識されます。     これが加法混色の基礎です。   白は色がないのではない 奇妙に聞こえるかもしれませんが、物体そのもの自体には色がありません。どの波長の光を吸収し、どの波長の光を反射するかという性質を持っています。その反射光が人間の目に入り、色として認識されます...

Durable goods and consumer electronics are no longer destined to be white, gray, and black. In fact, consumers are moving towards more classic colors and special effect finishes like metallics. To capitalize on this trend, brands need to bring innovative designs in new colors faster to market than ever before.   One trending color, the PANTONE Color of the Year 2020, is sure to capture the attention of durable good and consumer electronic brands. It is a simple, timeless, elegant, and endur...

紙、テキスタイル、プラスチック、コイルコーティング、ガラス業界など、インライン測色の意味を解説 エックスライトのインライン測色ソリューションを使用すると、さまざまな業界のメーカーは、生産全体を通じ、色の正確性と一貫性を評価でき、ISOのコンプライアンスを追跡できるようになります。インラインシステムは、製品の製造中にリアルタイムで色を監視し、製品が仕様外に逸脱し始めた場合に、オペレータに警告を出し、製品が無駄になる前に修正を行うことができます。 トラバースビームに取り付けられた非接触式インライン分光測色計ERX145はシートの左側、中央、右側を自動的に測定します。 エックスライトのインライン測色ソリューションは非接触分光測色計とESWinソフトウェアを使用しています。多くの装置は、スタンドアロンのラボユニットとしても機能しますが、システムには分光測色計をラインに設置するための移動フレームとロボットアームが含まれることがあります。用途やニーズに応じて、エックスライトのインライン測色ソリューションはプロセスコントロールシステムと連携し、リアルタイムのクローズドループの色補正を実現する...

Virtual reality has re-imagined the art of apparel and footwear design. 3D design programs like MODO, KeyShot, CLO, Browzwear, Optitex, and Lectra augment the creativity of color and material designers to virtually construct patterns and render realistic 3D garments.  This is exciting technology for brands that want to reduce waste for a greener footprint and accelerate design to keep up with fast fashion. However, designers are notoriously tactile. They need to touch, feel, and gain a...

現在のような測定器が現れるまで、カラーは主に人間の眼（ご存知の通り不安定）を基準として調整・操作されていたため、色の合わせ込みは一部の人以外には非常に難易度が高いものでした。 測定器の登場はカラーマネジメントの技術を可能にし、デバイス間の色を近づけることを可能にしました。 色を測る測定器には大きく分けて次の２つの種類があります。色彩計（Colorimeter）と分光測色計（Spectrophotometer）です。 色彩計と分光測色計は、色を測定するための装置です。段ボール包装から食品、洗濯石鹸、カーペット、プラスチック部品に至るまで、最初に指定された色と一致するか、確認できます。プラスチック、テキスタイル、塗料、コーティング、印刷、パッケージ印刷など、色が重要なあらゆる業界で使用されます。 1. 色彩計の原理 色彩計は、人間が色を知覚する方法を模倣します。色彩計の原理は以下のとおりです。 色彩計は三刺激値を測定する機器です。人の目の感度に合ったレッド、グリーン、ブルーのフィルターを使用することによって、光や色に対する人間の目の反応に応じた値を得ることができます。いくつかのアプ...

Inter-instrument agreement is a very important consideration when selecting color measurement devices for your workflow. Unfortunately, it’s such a technical topic that it leads to a lot of confusion about what it means and why it’s important. The Ci7860 sphere benchtop spectrophotomter is has an inter-instrument agreement specification of 0.06 average Delta E*, enabling brands to create the most precise master color standards. Today we’re making it as simple as possibl...

Your customer rejected your latest shipment due to color.  You checked the color before you sent it and it passed tolerance…  You did everything the same way last time and it passed tolerance…  So why did it get rejected now? We get this question from our customers all the time.  The Dreaded “Error Stack” Color rejections create waste and increase production costs. Unfortunately, there are a lot of variables that contribute to the color you produce,...

For the last few Decembers, we’ve provided you with a list of “top color measurement blogs” for that respective year. As we reviewed this year’s list, we noticed that your favorite/ the most-read blogs could be categorized into a few buckets. So, without further ado, here’s 2018’s top blog topics!  2018’s Most Popular Color Measurement Topic: Tolerancing Not to our team’s surprise, Tolerancing – what it is/what it means for your busines...

Each year, Pantone announces its highly anticipated “Color of the Year”. The selection is intended to serve as a strategic direction for design and color-conscious industries as well as a conversation piece around our culture, where it is going and what we collectively need…and it certainly gets everyone talking about color!  Color is no longer just something we see and appreciate - it enhances and influences the way we experience life. Color, as a strategic element of d...

Like geographic coordinates – longitude, latitude, and altitude – L*a*b* color values give us a way to locate and communicate colors. What’s the history of L*a*b*? In the 1940’s, Richard Hunter introduced a tri-stimulus model, Lab, which is scaled to achieve near uniform spacing of perceived color differences. While Hunter’s Lab was adopted as the de facto model for plotting absolute color coordinates and differences between colors, it was never formally accepted as...

Warm weather is just around the corner and spring is in the air!   Fluffy yellow chicks…   Delicate pink tulips…   Soft green sprouts poking through the ground…   And, of course, spring M&M'S®! Advertisers target our springtime emotions through pastel colors. Pastels have a calming effect, and everywhere you look companies are using them to feed our desire to feel a bit of spring. Today we’ll take a look at the psychology of color, how marke...

Using a light booth to visually judge color is a great start to a successful color evaluation program. It allows you predict how color will look under multiple light sources so there won’t be any color surprises when the light changes over the life of the product. Introducing a color measurement device to capture spectral data is the next logical step. For a really great color program, you need to use both a light booth AND a spectrophotometer. This dynamic duo offers benefits you can&rsqu...

Recently we blogged about how appearance affects color. In this article we look at some of the characteristics that impact an object’s appearance, such as texture, gloss, transparency, and special effects, and explain why it’s crucial to describe appearance in the early stages of the design workflow.  While 3D programs have attempted to address appearance aspects for years, there has been a missing link in virtual product design: the ability to integrate characteristically &ldqu...

新車、消費者向けエレクトロニクスや電化製品を購入する際、製品色は品質にも影響する重要な要素です。例えば、製品の前と後ろの色が違っていれば、品質自体も疑われることでしょう。そのような心配は、正確な測色により解決します。 今日の競合市場において、メーカーは常にスキルアップを目指し、特殊効果のある仕上げを用いて製品の差別化を行っています。一方、特殊効果のある仕上げを特徴付けたり、隣接するパーツ部品と一貫性を保つためには、測色だけでは不十分であることが認識されています。 自動車産業では新車の約70%がパール系、シラリックなどのエフェクト顔料を特殊効果の仕上げに採用しています。これらのマテリアルの特性を正確に把握するためには、単なる測色だけでは不十分です。バンパーや車体パネルなど、隣接するパーツとの一貫性も確保することが必要となります。 色彩、粒子輝度感、粒子感を特徴付ける新しい MA-T 多角度分光測色計シリーズは、特殊効果のある仕様をグローバルで設定、共有、確保します。 MA-T へのアップグレード MA-T シリーズの多角度分光測色計は、特殊効果のある色材管理の指標設定を行...

Appearance is more than simply color. It’s a comprehensive look at everything inherent to each unique material we come in contact with, including texture, gloss, transparency, and special effects. Each of these characteristics plays a part and has an effect on overall appearance and understanding in relation to a single material. Objects may have several elements that affect appearance, such as the material’s surface texture, construction, overall geometry and micro-surface. The environ...

Color is our perception of reflected light across the visible spectrum. When light hits an object, it absorbs some rays and reflect others. The color of light that reflects back into our eyes is the color we perceive. The more light an object absorbs, the darker it appears. With black, very little light is reflected. Pure black in the presence of light wasn’t achieved until 2014 when Surrey NanoSystems announced the invention of Vantablack. This high-tech artificial substance absorbs 99....

We frequently get calls from customers who can’t figure out why their measurements vary, even when they’re using maintained devices. Why would a sample read one way one day, then slightly different another? Many times the culprit is thermochromaticity, and it becomes an even bigger problem as the seasons change. Every kind of material changes color with temperature. These changes cause the material to exhibit a shift in reflected wavelengths of light, which can alter our perception....

Have you ever sent out a job that passed your inspection, only to have the customer reject it for out-of-tolerance color? You recheck the data and the instrument says the color passed the agreed tolerance… why is the customer saying it doesn’t? We get a LOT of these conflicting measurement calls in technical support. The solution is simple – document a color control program that clearly defines how to assess color, then make sure everyone (including your customer) follow...